Identity, Hegemony, And Played Through The Dynamics Of...

McIntosh (2009) offers an intriguing case study, where the concepts of personhood, hegemony, and fractal recursivity are intertwined and played through the dynamics of Swahili-Giriama bordered ethnoreligious interactions. The Giriama geographical, social, religious, and linguistic subordination to the Swahili Muslims is the framework to negotiate, resist or submit to the hegemonic Swahili Islam. First, through personhood, the Giriama frame their religious actions and relations with the Swahilis. Their actions are collective and caused by external powers, rather than individualistically bounded and rational actors as the Swahilis. How Arabic in this case is perceived amplify this notion, as Swahilis take it to be accessible via learning and memorizing, and Giriama take it to be accessible through spirit possession by Muslim spirits. This reinforces their submission and lose of identity by adopting Arabic (p. 255). Second, hegemony plays a significant role in shaping how power is lived and replicated in daily life, to be accepted or rejected by the society. Therefore, Giriama attitude towards Swahili Muslims is exhibited in their refusal to submit to Islam and instead cherish their traditionalism, yet they oftentimes acknowledge Islam’s power and the potency of Arabic through divination and spirit possession. Third, fractal recursivity is shown through how the Giriama’s evident urbanity is opposed to them living on the margins of the city thus closer to the jungle and their

Analysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved - 1200 Words

â€Å"We’ve all got both light and dark inside of us. What matters is the part we choose to act on (Sirius Black) †. Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved dedicates her novel to the 60 million and more exposed to the darkness within the people set out to hurt them. The novel depicts how cruelty leads ex-slaves to make irrational decisions and shape the people they are at the end . The cruelty inflicted on one including but not limited to slavery causes a chain reaction of hatred, pain and suffering and the cycle continues to repeat itself as seen in the novel with Schoolteacher, Sethe and Paul D. Furthermore, Morrison associates symbols with specific characters to depict personal struggles and develop the overarching theme, cruelty. Schoolteacher’s acceptance and use of cruel acts upon Sethe and Paul D reveals his immorality and in doing so dehumanizes himself, as well them. Overall, cruel acts inflicted on one negatively impacts the characters and leads them to commit inhumane acts themselves. First off , Schoolteacher’s arrival to Sweet Home depicts the start of the struggle of the slaves on the plantation. Schoolteacher is the same as any other slave owner, one who dehumanizes his slaves through his actions and teachings. Although, he appears to be a quiet, calm and collected person. He embodies â€Å"the screaming baboon†(199), which reveals how animalistic both slaves and slave owners become, as a result of slavery. In addition, â€Å"the jungle†(198), is the evil that slaves are subjectedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Morrison s Beloved, By Toni Morrison Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesMorrison and Twain each present freed slave mothers as self-sacrificing. Each woman s traumatic experiences as slaves create a deep fear of her children s enslavement. In Morrison s Beloved, Sethe is so distressed by her past; she murders her child to save her from slavery. Morrison uses Sethe s drastic sacrifice to comment on slavery s psychological effects. Meanwh ile, Twain s Pudd n Head Wilson portrays Roxy as a sacrificial mother to create sympathy for black people. From a culturalRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1458 Words   |  6 Pagesinequality between races, classes, and genders. Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved is a story that truly shows how oppressive slavery was during the setting of the book. Similarly to the inequality faced during the time of slavery, while Morrison was writing the her novel the issue of women’s equality was present, and being fought for. Morrison, through Beloved, is able to show the world her views on inequality, and how it is still present in life today. Morrison is African American, she was born into a familyRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1615 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel Beloved, Toni Morrison utilizes a circular narrative to emphasize the similarities, or lack thereof, between her characters. In Philip Page’s article, â€Å"Circularity in Toni Morrison’s Beloved,† he writes, â€Å"The plot is developed through repetition and variation of one or more core-images in overlapping waves... And it is developed through... the spiraling reiteration of larger, mythical acts such as birth, death, rebirth, quest-journeys, and the formation and disintegration of families†Read MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1200 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"We’ve all got both light and dark inside of us. What matters is the part we choose to act on (Sirius Black) †. Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved dedicates her novel to the 60 million and more exposed to the darkness within the people set out to hurt them. The novel depicts how cruelty leads ex-slaves to make irrational decisions and shape the people they are at the end . The cruelty inflicted on one including but not limited to slavery causes a chain reaction of hatred, pain and suffering and theRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved943 Words   |  4 Pages It is within human nature to fear that which we do not understand. In Toni Morrison’s Beloved, this idea is explored through the lens of racial discrimination. In this passage, Morrison uses animal imagery as a means to criticize the whites’ dehumanization and subsequent fear of the blacks. With a focus on this inherent, primal fear, this section stresses the novel’s theme of the â€Å"Other† and reinforces the existence of racial prejudice. While this piece of the narrative emphasizes that this â€Å"othering†Read MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1547 Words   |  7 PagesToni Morrison’s Beloved extends beyond a description of individuals held captive by their past through the exploration of human responses to slavery. The manipulation of language and its controlled absence reinforces the mental enslavement that persists after individuals are freed from physical bondage. It is when language is amplified into song that an individual or community may free themselves from the constraints of mental enslavement, therefore enabling their ability to claim ownership of themselvesRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesBeloved is one of the best and most well-known books of writing in the African-American society published in 1987. The novel, for the most part, discusses the black community that is unwilling to incite their past and in this way, irritated by its incarnation (Abdullah 25). Toni Morrison does not dissent suppression. Rather, she is pained by its effect on the souls of the black individuals. Nevertheless, the novel approves Toni Morrison s ability in creating the free awareness of various individualsRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved960 Words   |  4 PagesToni Morrison, the author of the 1987 novel Beloved, once said, â€Å"If anything I do, in the way of writing novels (or whatever I write) isn’t about the village or the community or about you, then it is not about anything. I am not interested in indulging myself in some private, closed exercise of my imagination that fulfills only the obligation of my personal dreams- which is to say yes, the work must be political.† Beloved met Morrison’s political standards as the 1980s were a decade plagued by aRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1434 Words   |  6 PagesI. SUBJECT Beloved by Toni Morrison opens in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1873 set in the Reconstruction era of American history. Sethe eighteen years ago escaped slavery with her children to live with her mother-in-law, Baby Suggs, in a house on 124 Bluestone Road often referred to simply as 124. The novel unfolds on two different time periods, that of Sethe’s time at Sweet Home plantation as a slave and that of the present. Her qualities of motherhood have overtaken Sethe’s life and have driven away herRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved 1524 Words   |  7 PagesShai-Dae Alford Dr. DuBose ENG 490-02 10 April 2016 Slave Narrative: Beloved Toni Morrison conveys her strong feelings in her novel about slavery depicting the emotional impact slavery has had on individual mainly the centered character Sethe. The protagonist of the novel is unable to fully prosper in life due to resentment and the ability to move on from her past experiences. In Morrison’s story, since 1873 slavery was abolished for ten years in Cincinnati, Ohio. By the author choosing this setting

Should Minors Be Tried as Adults free essay sample

ViolentcrimeKimberly Diaz Professor Garagliano COMM 101 Should minors who commit serious crimes be charged as an adult? I. Introduction A. Attention getter: â€Å"Old enough to do the crime, old enough to do the time† B. Credibility: It’s not fair how a minor that commits a serious crime can, in a way, walk away and be given a second chance or even a third chance, which in other areas if an adult committed that same crime they can be locked away for years or even life. C. Relevance: In less than a year I lost two important members of the family one which was a victim of a violent crime at the hands of two minors. Which is why I decided to do my presentation on minors being tried as adults. D. Preview: Today I am going to tell you : 1. If a minor act like an adult they should be treated as an adult 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Minors Be Tried as Adults or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page No little kid has the malice to commit a tough crime 3. The death of a human being does not change. Death is death regardless of the age of the criminal. II. Body 1. why should minors who commit serious crimes be charged as adults? If they act like an adult they should be treated as an adult -Why should minors get preferences? 2. Now that I have explained why if they act like adults they should be treated as an adult I am going to tell you why no little kid has the malice to commit a tough crime -As a teenager did it ever come to mind to harm others? a. Most of us were busy with our boyfriend/ girlfriend, getting over heartbreak or simply having fun with family or friends. Show two stories a. Shawn -16 year old that attacked his father who was sleeping, stabbing him in the arms, head and neck repeatedly with a knife. Was sentenced 90- day evaluation in the California Youth Authority b. Jose -15 year old that along with four other minors were hanging out and drinking started roughhousing which ended up in a serious fight among each other, of which one of them his skull was crushed and the other breaking his ankle. -Was sentenced 208 days in Juvenile Hall. 3. Now that I have told you about how no little kid has the malice to commit a tough crime I am going to tell you that the death of a human being does not change depending on the age, death is death regardless of the age of the criminal. Show an article of a 21 year old who was not only shot in the head but carjacked and left for dead by two minors. A girl by the age of 17 and a boy by the age of 16. III. Conclusion Today I have told you why minors who commit serious crimes should be charged as adults. First if they want to act like adults they should be treated as adults. Second they’re no longer little kids if they have malice to commit a tough crime. Lastly, regardless of their age they decided to take a way the life or cause serious injuries to another human being. In conclusion you guys can go to http://www. debate. org and give your opinions if whether or not minors should be tried as adults. Change doesn’t happen by a miracle, it happens when we stand up for what we think is right and let our opinions be heard. We make a change. Work Cited 1. http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/juvenile/ 2 http://theavtimes. com/2012/10/02/suspects-arrested-in-7-month-old-carjack-mur der-case/ 3. http://www. debate. org/opinions/should-violent-juveniles-be-treated-as-adults-in-court

Btec Level 3 Mechanical Engineering free essay sample

Plain carbon steel is essentially an alloy of iron and carbon which also contains manganese and a variety of residual elements. These residual elements were either present within the raw materials used in the production process e. g. iron ore and scrap steel additions, or they were added in the production process for a specific purpose, e. g. deoxidization by means of silicon or aluminium. Hence they are called residual elements to distinguish them from alloying elements that are deliberately added according to specified minimum amounts. The term â€Å"cleanliness† refers to the amounts of various phases such as oxides, sulphides and silicates that can be present in steel. The smaller the amount of these phases, the cleaner the steel. For many years steels have been produced by casting the molten steel into moulds and allowing it to solidify into ingots which were then processed by rolling etc. steel produced by ingots is subdivided into four categories according to the deoxidization process used. These categories are rimmed, capped, semi-killed and killed steel. When un-deoxidized steel is cast into an ingot, carbon monoxide is evolved during solidification because the solubility of oxygen decreases as the temperature decreases. 1b) Steels that contain specified amounts of alloying elements, other than carbon and the commonly accepted amounts of manganese, copper, silicon, sulphur and phosphorus are known as alloy steels. Alloying elements are added to change mechanical or physical properties. Alloy steels are melted together in an electric furnace. This step usually involves 8 to 12 hours of intense heat. Next, the mixture is cast into one of several shapes including blooms, billets and slabs. After various forming steps, the steel is heat treated and then cleaned and polished to give it the desired finish. The semi-finished steel goes through forming operations, beginning with hot rolling, in which the steel is heated and passed through huge rolls. After the steel is formed, most types must go through an annealing step. Annealing is a heat treatment in which the steel is heated and cooled under controlled conditions to relieve internal stresses and soften the metal. Some steels are heat treated for higher strength. However, heat treatment requires careful control, for even small changes from the recommended temperature, time, or cooling rate can seriously affect the properties. 1c) Plain carbon steel is used in many industries such as in the construction of roads, railways, infrastructures, appliances, and buildings. Carbon steel is used to erect a strong and lasting frame to most modern buildings, steel beams (girders), joists and studs are engineered to create the skeleton of a building. Steel is also used in a variety of construction materials, such as pipes, tubing, plates, bolts, nails, screws and equipment like tools, bulldozers, cranes etc. 1d) In the construction industry, gears, pipes, beams, w shape beams , boilers, pressure valves and other things are fabricated from alloy steels. By coupling additional elements to the carbon and iron based building metal you can strengthen it to withstand quite a bit more. Alloy steels can be non-magnetic, high-quality, and corrosion-proof. Furthermore they can be used in highly demanding applications such as commercial steel buildings, turbine blades in jet engines, spacecrafts and nuclear reactors. Stainless steel is the most widely known alloy steel. What distinguishes stainless steel from carbon steels is that it contains a minimum of 10% chromium. As a consequence, stainless steel building metal is resistant to staining, and is rust proof, which makes it perfect for cooking utensils, cutlery, jewelry as well as aircraft parts, architectural components, and surgical implements. 2) In the production of aluminium, first the ore is mixed with a hot concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide. The NaOH will dissolve the oxides of aluminium and silicon but not other impurities such as iron oxides, which remains insoluble. The insoluble materials are removed by filtration. The solution which now contains the oxides of aluminium and silicon are next treated by bubbling carbon dioxide gas through the solution. Carbon dioxide forms a weak acid solution of carbonic acid which neutralizes the sodium hydroxide from the first treatment. This neutralization selectively precipitates the aluminium oxide, but leaves the silicates in solution. Again filtration is used for the separation. After this stage the purified aluminium oxide is heated to evaporate the water. The molten mixture is then electrolysed with a very large current and the aluminium ions are reduced to form aluminium metal The physical properties of aluminium make it a perfect material for construction. Its light weight means that the load on the bearing structure is less, and its strength makes it suitable for a great variety of solutions. Its resistance to corrosion gives it special advantages: aluminium is perfect for regions with severe weather conditions. Finally, its fluidity gives freedom to architects and designers. Aluminium extruded, rolled and cast products are commonly used for window frames and other glazed structures ranging from shop fronts to large roof superstructures for shopping centres and stadiums, for roofing, siding and curtain walling as well as for cast door handles, catches for windows, staircases, heating and air-conditioning systems, power lines and the list goes on. 3) Plastics are produced using a process called polymerization, where many thousands of monomers are joined together to form a polymer chain. Monomers are made of atoms like chlorine, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and sulphur. Monomers are easily extracted from abundant organic. There are two main types of plastics, thermosetting plastics and thermoplastics. Both are produced by pouring liquid monomers into a mould where they undergo polymerization. Thermosetting plastics are permanent once moulded, they do not deform under heat. Thermoplastics will melt under heat can be reformed repeatedly. The polymerization process increases the molecular weight of the constituent molecules, turning liquid monomers into solid polymers. (Increase of molecular weight causes the substance to undergo a phase change). During the moulding process, the monomer soup is superheated and condensed under many atmospheres worth of pressure. This causes polymerization to occur and ensures that the plastic is solid and uniform, lacking any internal air bubbles. Specialist plastic and rubber fabrications are used in a wide variety of industries including, civil engineering, medical, aerospace, military, atomic energy, marine and automotive. Many products are used to contain aggressive chemicals which could be hazardous if not properly controlled. Furthermore the uses and advantages of plastics and rubbers are endless throughout the industries, some examples of these are, sealing, jointing and finishing products, containing applications, bio-degradable applications, hoses, wheels, profiles and consumables. 4a) Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics by causing coalescence. This is often done by heating the work pieces and adding a material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint, but sometimes pressure is used in conjunction with heat or by itself to produce the weld. This is in contrast with soldering and brazing, which involves melting a lower-melting point material between the work pieces to form a bond between them. Many different energy sources can be used for welding, including a gas flame (oxy-acetylene), an electric arc, a laser, an electron beam, friction and ultrasound. While often an industrial process, welding can be done in man different environments including open air and under water. Welding is generally the simplest, fastest, and most cost-effective method, at least in the case of structural metals. Welding doesnt require parts to fit exactly. Methods like bolts or screws require some type of flange or overlap of parts, so with welding, weight and material savings can be realized. A high quality weld can often be stronger than the parts to be joined, though this should not be depended on. 4b) Welding, without the proper precautions, can be a dangerous and unhealthy practice. However, with the use of new technology and proper protection, the risks of injury and death associated with welding can be greatly reduced. Because many common welding procedures involve an open electric arc or flame, the risk of burns is significant. To prevent them, welders wear protective clothing in the form of heavy leather gloves and protective long sleeve jackets to avoid exposure to extreme heat and flames. Additionally, the brightness of the weld area leads to a condition called arc eye in which ultraviolet light causes the inflammation of the cornea and can burn the retinas of the eyes. Goggles and helmets with dark face plates are worn to prevent this exposure, and in recent years, new helmet models have been produced that feature a face plate that self-darkens upon exposure to high amounts of UV light. To protect bystanders, transparent welding curtains often surround the welding area. These curtains, made of a polyvinyl chloride plastic film, shield nearby workers from exposure to the UV light from the electric arc, but should not be used to replace the filter glass used in helmets. Welders are also often exposed to dangerous gases and particulate matter. Processes like flux-cored arc welding and shielded metal arc welding produce smoke containing particles of various types of oxides. The size of the particles in question tends to influence the toxicity of the fumes, with smaller particles presenting a greater danger. Additionally, many processes produce various gases, most commonly carbon dioxide and ozone, and fumes that can prove dangerous if ventilation is inadequate. Furthermore, because the use of compressed gases and flames in many welding processes pose an explosion and fire risk, some common precautions include limiting the amount of oxygen in the air and keeping combustible materials away from the workplace. 4d) Pipe Cutters A tubing or pipe cutter is a hand tool specifically designed to cut pipe. It works by clamping onto a portion of the pipe and cutting through it using a small, round blade. As the tool is rotated it tightens, causing the blade to slowly dig into the pipe, eventually sawing all the way through. Tubing and pipe cutters are easy to use and provide a straight cut and edge to weld. Pipe Clamps For clamping pipelines on the outside whilst welding is taking place on straight sections, pipeline flanges or bends. Various types of external pipe clamps are suited to different applications. Chain clamps are extremely versatile for holding pipes up to 54 suitable for elbows, tees, flanges, end caps and most other pipe fittings. Ratchet Line-up cage clamps are very strong and accurate, but are also lightweight with either standard flat cross bars or no tack arched cross bars. External Hydraulic (no tack) Line-up cage clamps lines up pipe for welding to enable the maximum weld to be made without moving the clamp and comes with hand toggle or powerful hydraulic for accurate alignment. JA Type Mechanical Pipe Clamps allow efficient preparation of welding, whilst allowing easy handling but at the same time optimized working security, ensuring safety and peace of mind. 5a) Stress is the internal resistance, or counterforce, of a material to the distorting effects of an external force or load. These counterforces tend to return the atoms to their normal positions. The total resistance developed is equal to the external load. This resistance is known as stress. Stress = ? = [pic] S = stress (psi or lbs of force per in? ) F = applied force (lbs of force) A = cross-sectional area (in? ) Stresses occur in any material that is subject to a load or any applied force. There are many types of stresses. 5b) Strain Strain is defined as deformation of a solid due to stress and can be expressed as the strain of elongation from its original length. Strain = [pic] [pic] 5c) Shear Shear stress exists when two parts of a material tend to slide across each other in any typical plane of shear upon application of force parallel to that plane. [pic] 5d) Tension Tensile stress is that type of stress in which the two sections of material on either side of a stress plane tend to pull apart or elongate. [pic] 5e) Compression Compressive stress is the reverse of tensile stress. Adjacent parts of the material tend to press against each other through a typical stress plane.